database

Overview

Database API provides a complete set of document database operation features, supporting CRUD operations, complex queries, aggregation, location query, and transaction operations.

Note

Starting from v3.3, the related APIs use the HTTP API open capabilities.

Database API is divided into the following categories by feature purpose:

-Initialization: Get database instance

• Collection method: Get collection reference and create a collection
• Document method: Get document reference
• Newly added data: Add single or multiple data entries to the collection
• Query data: Support single query, conditional query, paging query, aggregate query and location query.
• Update data: Support single-entry update, batch update and update or create operations.
• Delete data: Support single deletion and delete in batches.
• Operators: Query operator and update operator.
• Transaction operations: Support activation, submission and rollback of transactions.
• Monitor in real time: Support real-time listening for document or query result changes.
• Advanced operations: Execute native MongoDB commands.

---

Basic usage example

Initialization configuration

Publishable Key can go to Cloud Development Platform/API Key Configuration to generate

import cloudbase from "@cloudbase/js-sdk";

// Initialize it.
const app = cloudbase.init({
  env: "your-env-id", // Replace this value with your environment ID
  region: "ap-shanghai", // Region, defaults to Shanghai
  accessKey: "", // Fill in the generated Publishable Key
});

// Get database reference
const db = app.database();
// Get query command
const _ = db.command;
// Get position type
const Geo = db.Geo;

Newly added data

Add a new record to the collection.
async function addTodo() {
  const result = await db.collection("todos").add({
title: "Learn CloudBase"
content: "Complete the database operation tutorial"
    completed: false,
    priority: "high",
    createdAt: new Date(),
tags: ["study", "technology"],
  });

console.log("successful addition, document ID:", result.id);
}

// Add new record with specified document ID (use set)
async function addTodoWithId() {
  const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("custom-id").set({
title: "Task with specified ID",
    completed: false,
    createdAt: new Date(),
  });

console.log("successful addition");
}

Query data

// Query data within the collection
async function queryTodos() {
  const _ = db.command;

// Conditional query: Incomplete high-priority task
  const result = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .where({
      completed: false,
      priority: "high",
    })
    .orderBy("createdAt", "desc")
    .limit(10)
    .get();

console.log("query result:", result.data);

// Complex queries: Using operators
  const complexResult = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .where({
// priority is high or medium
      priority: _.in(["high", "medium"]),
Created in the last 7 days
      createdAt: _.gte(new Date(Date.now() - 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)),
    })
    .field({
      title: true,
      priority: true,
      createdAt: true,
    })
    .get();

console.log("complex query result:", complexResult.data);
}

Update Data

// Update the specified document
async function updateTodo(todoId) {
  const result = await db.collection("todos").doc(todoId).update({
    completed: true,
    updatedAt: new Date(),
  });

console.log("update succeeded, number of records impacted:", result.updated);
}

// Update with operators
async function updateWithOperators(todoId) {
  const _ = db.command;

  const result = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .doc(todoId)
    .update({
viewCount: _.inc(1)
      viewCount: _.inc(1),
// Add a new tag (non-repetitive)
tags: _.addToSet("important"),
Update Time
      updatedAt: new Date(),
    });

console.log("Update successful");
}

Data deletion

// Delete specified document
async function deleteTodo(todoId) {
  const result = await db.collection("todos").doc(todoId).remove();

  console.log(
    "Deleted successfully, number of records impacted:",
    result.deleted
  );
}

// Delete with conditions
async function deleteCompletedTodos() {
  const result = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .where({
      completed: true,
    })
    .remove();

  console.log(
    "Completed task deleted, number of records impacted:",
    result.deleted
  );
}

Batch operation

// Batch update: change ALL low-priority tasks to ordinary priority
async function batchUpdate() {
  const result = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .where({
      priority: "low",
    })
    .update({
      priority: "normal",
      updatedAt: new Date(),
    });

console.log("batch update succeeded, number of records impacted:", result.updated);
}

Delete in batches: Delete tasks completed 30 days ago.
async function batchDelete() {
  const _ = db.command;
  const result = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .where({
      completed: true,
      createdAt: _.lt(new Date(Date.now() - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)),
    })
    .remove();

console.log("Deleted in batches successfully, number of records impacted:", result.deleted);
}

Paging query

// Paging query example
async function paginatedQuery(pageNum = 1, pageSize = 10) {
  const result = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .where({
      completed: false,
    })
    .orderBy("createdAt", "desc")
    .skip((pageNum - 1) * pageSize)
    .limit(pageSize)
    .get();

  console.log(`Page ${pageNum} data:`, result.data);
  console.log("Current page count:", result.data.length);

  return {
    data: result.data,
    pageNum,
    pageSize,
  };
}

// Get the total count used to calculate the total number of pages
async function getTotalCount() {
  const result = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .where({
      completed: false,
    })
    .count();

  console.log("total record count:", result.total);
  return result.total;
}

Aggregation statistics

// Aggregation statistics example
async function aggregateStats() {
  // Count the statistical quantity by priority grouping
  const result = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .aggregate()
    .group({
      _id: "$priority",
      count: { $sum: 1 },
    })
    .sort({
      count: -1,
    })
    .end();

  console.log("count by priority:", result.data);
  // Output: [{ _id: 'high', count: 15 }, { _id: 'normal', count: 30 }, ...]

  // Count the number of completed and ongoing tasks
  const statusResult = await db
    .collection("todos")
    .aggregate()
    .group({
      _id: "$completed",
      count: { $sum: 1 },
    })
    .end();

  console.log("status statistics:", statusResult.data);
}

Monitor in real time

// Monitor data change in real time
function watchTodos() {
  const listener = db
    .collection("todos")
    .where({
      completed: false,
    })
    .orderBy("createdAt", "desc")
    .limit(20)
    .watch({
      onChange: (snapshot) => {
        console.log("data change:", snapshot.type);

        if (snapshot.type === "init") {
          // Initialize the data
          console.log("initial data:", snapshot.docs);
        } else {
          // Incremental adjustment
          snapshot.docChanges.forEach((change) => {
            switch (change.dataType) {
              case "add":
                console.log("add document:", change.doc);
                break;
              case "update":
                console.log("update document:", change.doc);
                break;
              case "remove":
                console.log("delete document:", change.docId);
                break;
            }
          });
        }
      },
      onError: (error) => {
        console.error("Listen error:", error);
      },
    });

  // Return listener for subsequent close
  return listener;
}

// Usage example
const listener = watchTodos();

// Close listener when needed
// listener.close();

Error handling

// Complete error handling example
async function safeDbOperation() {
  try {
    // Query operation
    const result = await db
      .collection("todos")
      .where({ completed: false })
      .get();

    console.log("query succeeded:", result.data);
    return { success: true, data: result.data };
  } catch (error) {
    // Error Handling
    console.error("Database operation failed:", error);

    switch (error.code) {
      case "PERMISSION_DENIED":
        console.error(
          "Insufficient permissions, please check security rule configuration"
        );
        break;
      case "INVALID_PARAM":
        console.error("Parameter error, check query condition");
        break;
      case "DATABASE_NOT_FOUND":
        console.error("Database or collection not found");
        break;
      case "NETWORK_ERROR":
        console.error("Network error, check the network");
        break;
      default:
        console.error("Unknown error:", error.message);
    }

    return { success: false, error: error.message };
  }
}

//Operation with retry
async function retryOperation(operation, maxRetries = 3) {
  for (let i = 0; i < maxRetries; i++) {
    try {
      return await operation();
    } catch (error) {
      console.warn(`Operation failed, retry ${i + 1}...`);
      if (i === maxRetries - 1) throw error;
      //Wait and retry later
      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000 * (i + 1)));
    }
  }
}

---

Initialization

database

app.database(config?: IDbConfig): Database

Get database instance for follow-up database operation. Visit Cloud Development Platform/document database for instance information retrieval.

---

Parameters

config

IDbConfig

Database configuration object (optional)

instanceOptionalstring

Instance ID (optional), use default instance if left blank

databaseOptionalstring

Database name (optional), use default database if left blank

Response

Database

Database

Database instance object, callable attributes and methods such as collection(), command, Geo, and serverDate()

Example

Basic initialization

import cloudbase from "@cloudbase/js-sdk";

// Initialize the application
const app = cloudbase.init({
  env: "your-env-id", // Replace this value with your environment ID
  region: "ap-shanghai", // Region, defaults to Shanghai
  accessKey: "", // Fill in the generated Publishable Key
});

// Get database reference (use default configuration)
const db = app.database();

// Get query command
const _ = db.command;

// Get position type
const Geo = db.Geo;

Specified database configuration

// Specify the instance ID and database name
const db = app.database({
  instance: "your-instance-id", // Instance ID
  database: "your-database-name", // Database name
});

---

Collection Methods

createCollection

async db.createCollection(collName: string): Promise<ICreateCollectionResult>

Create a collection.

Parameters

collName

string

Collection Name

Response

Promise

ICreateCollectionResult

Creation result

dataOptionalstring

Empty string

requestIdOptionalstring

Request ID

codeOptionalstring

Request error code, do not return if successful

messageOptionalstring

Request error code information, do not return if successful

Example

Create a collection

Create a new collection
const result = await db.createCollection("new-collection");
console.log("Collection created successfully");

---

collection

db.collection(collName: string): CollectionReference

Retrieve collection reference for subsequent data operations.

Parameters

collName

string

Collection Name

Response

CollectionReference

CollectionReference

Collection reference object, can use chained call doc(), where(), add(), aggregate() methods

Example

Retrieve collection reference

// Get collection reference
const todosCollection = db.collection("todos");

// Query data within the collection
const result = await todosCollection.get();
console.log("query result:", result.data);

Chained call

// Perform a conditional query with a chained call
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({ completed: false })
  .orderBy("createdAt", "desc")
  .limit(10)
  .get();

console.log("query result:", result.data);

---

Document method

doc

doc(docId: string | number): DocumentReference

Get a document reference by document ID for follow-up queries, updates, or deletion.

Parameters

docId

string | number

Unique identifier of the document, supports string or number data type

Response

DocumentReference

DocumentReference

Document reference object, can use chained call get(), update(), set(), remove(), field() methods

Example

Single query

Query a single record by document ID.
const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("todo-id-123").get();

if (result.data && result.data.length > 0) {
console.log("query result:", result.data[0]);
} else {
console.log("document not found");
}

Specify returned field

Only return specified field
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .doc("todo-id-123")
  .field({
    title: true,
    completed: true,
// Do not return the content field
    content: false,
  })
  .get();

console.log("query result:", result.data);

Sample response

//Return result format
{
  data: [
    {
      _id: "todo-id-123",
title: "Learn CloudBase"
content: "Complete the database operation tutorial"
      completed: false,
      priority: "high",
      createdAt: "2024-01-15T08:00:00.000Z",
tags: ["study", "technology"],
    },
  ],
  requestId: "xxx-xxx-xxx"
}

---

Add data

add

async add(data: object): Promise<AddResult>

Add a new record to the collection.

-Add a single data record to the specified collection -Support automatic generation of document IDs, or specify a document ID

• Support the geographic location data type

Parameters

data

object

The data object to be added, supporting nested objects, arrays, geographic locations and other data types

Response

Promise

AddResult

idOptionalstring

Unique identifier of the document to be added

requestIdstring

Request ID

codeOptionalstring

Request error code, do not return if successful

messageOptionalstring

Request error code information, do not return if successful

Example

Add new

// Add a single record
const result = await db.collection("todos").add({
title: "Learn CloudBase"
content: "Complete the database operation tutorial"
  completed: false,
  priority: "high",
  createdAt: new Date(),
tags: ["study", "technology"],
});

console.log("successful addition, document ID:", result.id);

Add new with specified ID

Add record with specified document ID
const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("custom-id-123").set({
title: "Task with specified ID",
  completed: false,
  createdAt: new Date(),
});

console.log("successful addition, document ID:", result.upsertedId || "custom-id-123");

Add new by location

// Create a GeoPoint
const point = new db.Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915);

// Create a geographic path
const line = new db.Geo.LineString([
  new db.Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915),
  new db.Geo.Point(116.405, 39.916),
]);

// Create a geographic region (the polygon must close)
const polygon = new db.Geo.Polygon([
  new db.Geo.LineString([
    new db.Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915),
    new db.Geo.Point(116.405, 39.915),
    new db.Geo.Point(116.405, 39.916),
    new db.Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915), // Close point
  ]),
]);

// Add records with GeoPoint
const result = await db.collection("locations").add({
  name: "Beijing Tiananmen",
  location: point,
  path: line,
  area: polygon,
  createdAt: new Date(),
});

console.log("successful addition, document ID:", result.id);

Error handling

try {
  const result = await db.collection("todos").add({
title: "New Task"
    completed: false,
  });

console.log("successful addition, document ID:", result.id);
} catch (error) {
console.error("Addition failed:", error.message);

// Common error handling
  if (error.code === "PERMISSION_DENIED") {
console.error("Insufficient permissions, please check security rule configuration");
  } else if (error.code === "INVALID_PARAM") {
console.error("Parameter error, check data format");
  }
}

---

Query data

get

async get(): Promise<GetResult>

Get query results, return the document list that matches the condition.

Note

-Return up to 100 records by default

• Support returning a maximum of 1000 records (set via limit).

Parameters

No parameters

Response

Promise

GetResult

dataOptionalarray

Query result document array

requestIdstring

Request ID

codeOptionalstring

Request error code, do not return if successful

messageOptionalstring

Request error code information, do not return if successful

Example

Basic query

// Get all documents in the collection (default max 100)
const result = await db.collection("todos").get();

console.log("query result:", result.data);
console.log("total:", result.total);

Conditional query

// Conditional query
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({ completed: false })
  .orderBy("createdAt", "desc")
  .limit(20)
  .skip(0)
  .get();

console.log("data:", result.data);
console.log("total:", result.total);
console.log("limit:", result.limit);
console.log("offset:", result.offset);

---

where

where(condition: object): Query

Set query conditions, support various operators to perform complex condition filtering.

Note

-Query condition must be object type -The value of the condition object cannot all be undefined

Parameters

condition

object

The query condition object, supporting equivalent matching, operator matching, nested field matching and other types

Response

Query

Query

Query object, can use chained call orderBy(), limit(), skip(), field(), get(), count(), update(), remove() methods

Example

Basic query

// Query all incomplete high-priority tasks
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
    completed: false,
    priority: "high",
  })
  .get();

console.log("query result:", result.data);

Complex conditional query

const _ = db.command;

// Perform complex queries using operators
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
// Age above 18
    age: _.gt(18),
// Tag contains 'technology' or 'study'
tags: _.in(["technology", "study"]),
Created in the last week
    createdAt: _.gte(new Date(Date.now() - 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)),
  })
  .orderBy("createdAt", "desc")
  .limit(10)
  .get();

console.log("query result:", result.data);

Paging query

// Paging query example
const pageSize = 10;
const pageNum = 1;

const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
    completed: false,
  })
  .orderBy("createdAt", "desc")
  .skip((pageNum - 1) * pageSize)
  .limit(pageSize)
  .get();

console.log("Page", pageNum, "data:", result.data);
console.log("total record count:", result.total);
console.log("current page offset:", result.offset);
console.log("current page limit:", result.limit);

Specify returned field

Only return specified field
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
    completed: false,
  })
  .field({
    title: true,
    completed: true,
    createdAt: true,
// Do not return the content field
    content: false,
  })
  .get();

console.log("query result:", result.data);

---

count

async count(): Promise<CountResult>

Statistics of the number of documents that match the condition.

Parameters

No parameters

Response

Promise

CountResult

totalOptionalnumber

Total number of qualified records

requestIdstring

Request ID

codeOptionalstring

Request error code, do not return if successful

messageOptionalstring

Request error code information, do not return if successful

Example

Statistical quantity

// Count the number of unfinished tasks
const result = await db.collection("todos").where({ completed: false }).count();

console.log("unfinished tasks:", result.total);

---

orderBy

orderBy(fieldPath: string, direction: 'asc' | 'desc'): Query

Set the sorting method of query results.

Parameters

fieldPath

string

Sorting field path

direction

'asc' | 'desc'

Sorting order: asc ascending order, desc descending order

Response

Query

Query

Query object, can proceed with chained call

Example

Single field sorting

// Sort by creation time in descending order
const result = await db.collection("todos").orderBy("createdAt", "desc").get();

Multi-field sorting

// Multi-field sorting
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .orderBy("priority", "desc")
  .orderBy("createdAt", "asc")
  .get();

---

limit

limit(max: number): Query

Set the maximum record count returned by the query.

Note

• Default limit: 100 -supports up to 1000

Parameters

max

number

Maximum return record count, must be a positive integer, maximum value of 1000

Response

Query

Query

Query object, can proceed with chained call

Example

Limit quantity

// Only get the first 10 records
const result = await db.collection("todos").limit(10).get();

---

skip

skip(offset: number): Query

Set the query result offset for pagination queries.

Parameters

offset

number

Offset, must be a non-negative integer

Response

Query

Query

Query object, can proceed with chained call

Example

Paging query

// Skip the first 20 records, get records 21-30
const result = await db.collection("todos").skip(20).limit(10).get();

---

field

field(projection: object): Query | DocumentReference

Specify the fields to return.

Parameters

projection

object

Field projection object. true means return this field, false means do not return

Response

Query | DocumentReference

Query | DocumentReference

Query object or document reference, can proceed with chained call

Example

Specify returned field

Only return title and completed fields
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .field({
    title: true,
    completed: true,
  })
  .get();

Exclude field

// Exclude the content field
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .field({
    content: false,
  })
  .get();

---

aggregate

aggregate(): Aggregate

Get the aggregation object for execution of aggregate queries, supporting aggregation stages such as group, match, sort, and project.

Note

Refer to the aggregate query for aggregation grammar.

Parameters

No parameters

Response

Aggregate

Aggregate

Aggregation object supporting chained calls of various aggregation stage methods

Example

Group statistics

// Count the number of tasks by priority
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .aggregate()
  .group({
    _id: "$priority",
    count: {
      $sum: 1,
    },
  })
  .end();

console.log("count by priority:", result.data);
// Output: [{ _id: 'high', count: 5 }, { _id: 'normal', count: 10 }, ...]

Conditional aggregation

// Count the number of unfinished tasks and the average priority
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .aggregate()
  .match({
    completed: false,
  })
  .group({
    _id: null,
    totalCount: { $sum: 1 },
    avgPriority: { $avg: "$priorityValue" },
  })
  .end();

console.log("statistical result:", result.data);

Multi-stage aggregation

// Complex aggregation: group statistics by date and sort
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .aggregate()
  .match({
    createdAt: {
      $gte: new Date(Date.now() - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000),
    },
  })
  .group({
    _id: {
      $dateToString: {
        format: "%Y-%m-%d",
        date: "$createdAt",
      },
    },
    count: { $sum: 1 },
  })
  .sort({
    _id: -1,
  })
  .end();

console.log("statistics by date:", result.data);

Aggregation stage method

// Supported aggregation stage methods:
// - addFields: Add new field
// - bucket: Bucket
// - bucketAuto: Auto Bucketing
// - count: Count
// - geoNear: Nearby geolocation query
// - group: Group
// - limit: Limit quantity
// - lookup: Table join query
// - match: Conditional filtering
// - project: Field projection
// - replaceRoot: Replace root document
// - sample: Random sampling
// - skip: Skip count
// - sort: Sort
// - sortByCount: Sort by quantity
// - unwind: Unfold array

const result = await db
  .collection("orders")
  .aggregate()
  .lookup({
    from: "users",
    localField: "userId",
    foreignField: "_id",
    as: "userInfo",
  })
  .unwind("$userInfo")
  .project({
    orderId: 1,
    amount: 1,
    "userInfo.name": 1,
  })
  .end();

---

Geolocation query

Support spatial querying for geolocation fields, including nearby queries, region queries, and intersect queries.

Note

When querying a geolocation field, create a geo-indexing, otherwise the query will fail

Parameters

geoNear

GeoNearOptions

Nearby queries, return results sorted by distance

geometryPoint

Center point coordinate

maxDistanceOptionalnumber

Maximum distance (m)

minDistanceOptionalnumber

Minimum distance (m)

geoWithin

GeoWithinOptions

Region query, return results within the specified region

geometryPolygon | MultiPolygon

Region range

geoIntersects

GeoIntersectsOptions

Intersect query, return results that intersect with the specified geometric shape

geometryPoint | LineString | Polygon | MultiPoint | MultiLineString | MultiPolygon

Geometric shape

Response

Query

Query

Query object, can use chained call get() method to obtain result

Example

Nearby query

const _ = db.command;

// Query nearby users (sorted by distance)
const result = await db
  .collection("users")
  .where({
    location: _.geoNear({
      geometry: new db.Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915), // Tiananmen coordinate
      maxDistance: 1000, // Maximum distance 1000 meters
      minDistance: 0, // minimum distance 0 meters
    }),
  })
  .get();

console.log("nearby users:", result.data);

Region query

const _ = db.command;

// Define the query region (polygon)
const polygon = new db.Geo.Polygon([
  new db.Geo.LineString([
    new db.Geo.Point(116.4, 39.91),
    new db.Geo.Point(116.41, 39.91),
    new db.Geo.Point(116.41, 39.92),
    new db.Geo.Point(116.4, 39.92),
    new db.Geo.Point(116.4, 39.91), // Close
  ]),
]);

// Query users within the specified region
const result = await db
  .collection("users")
  .where({
    location: _.geoWithin({
      geometry: polygon,
    }),
  })
  .get();

console.log("users in the region:", result.data);

Intersect queries

const _ = db.command;

// Define query path
const line = new db.Geo.LineString([
  new db.Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915),
  new db.Geo.Point(116.405, 39.916),
]);

// Query records that intersect with the path
const result = await db
  .collection("routes")
  .where({
    path: _.geoIntersects({
      geometry: line,
    }),
  })
  .get();

console.log("intersect records:", result.data);

Position type

// Supported position types
const Geo = db.Geo;

// Point - Point
const point = new Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915); // (longitude, latitude)

// LineString - line segment (at least 2 points)
const lineString = new Geo.LineString([
  new Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915),
  new Geo.Point(116.405, 39.916),
]);

// Polygon - polygon (must close)
const polygon = new Geo.Polygon([
  new Geo.LineString([
    new Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915),
    new Geo.Point(116.405, 39.915),
    new Geo.Point(116.405, 39.916),
    new Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915), // Close point
  ]),
]);

// MultiPoint - Multi-point
const multiPoint = new Geo.MultiPoint([
  new Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915),
  new Geo.Point(116.405, 39.916),
]);

// MultiLineString - Multi-line segment
const multiLineString = new Geo.MultiLineString([
  new Geo.LineString([
    new Geo.Point(116.404, 39.915),
    new Geo.Point(116.405, 39.916),
  ]),
]);

// MultiPolygon - MULTIPOLYGON
const multiPolygon = new Geo.MultiPolygon([polygon]);

---

Update data

update

async update(data: object): Promise<UpdateResult>

Update document data. Single-entry update and batch update are supported.

-Update a single record via doc().update()

• Update multiple records in batch via where().update() -Supports the use of update operators to perform complex updates -Cannot update the _id field

Parameters

data

object

The data object to be updated, supporting updates to common fields and operators

Response

Promise

UpdateResult

updatedOptionalnumber

Records updated successfully

upsertedIdOptionalstring

ID of the document newly created during upsert operation

requestIdstring

Request ID

codeOptionalstring

Request error code, do not return if successful

messageOptionalstring

Request error code information, do not return if successful

Example

Single-entry update

// Update the specified document
const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("todo-id-123").update({
title: "Learn CloudBase Database"
  completed: true,
  updatedAt: new Date(),
  completedBy: "user123",
});

console.log("update succeeded, number of records impacted:", result.updated);

Batch update

// Update multiple records in batch
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
    completed: false,
    priority: "low",
  })
  .update({
    priority: "normal",
    updatedAt: new Date(),
  });

console.log(
  "batch update succeeded, number of records impacted:",
  result.updated
);

Update operator usage

const _ = db.command;

// Update with operators
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .doc("todo-id-123")
  .update({
    // Numeric value increment
    viewCount: _.inc(1),
    // Add an element to the array
    tags: _.push("new tag"),
    // Delete field
    tempField: _.remove(),
    //Set field (create if not present)
    metadata: _.set({
      lastModified: new Date(),
      modifiedBy: "user123",
    }),
  });

console.log("Update successful");

Error handling

try {
  const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("todo-id-123").update({
    completed: true,
  });

  if (result.updated === 0) {
    console.log("no matching document found");
  } else {
    console.log(
      "update succeeded, number of records impacted:",
      result.updated
    );
  }
} catch (error) {
  console.error("update failed:", error.message);

  if (error.code === "PERMISSION_DENIED") {
    console.error(
      "Insufficient permissions, please check security rule configuration"
    );
  }
}

---

set

async set(data: object): Promise<SetResult>

Set document data, if the document does not exist create a new document.

-Unlike update(), set() replaces document content -Suitable for scenarios where refresh or create is required. -Cannot contain update operators -Cannot update the _id field

Parameters

data

object

The data object to be set will replace all existing document content and cannot contain update operators

Response

Promise

SetResult

updatedOptionalnumber

Records updated (document already exists)

upsertedIdOptionalstring

ID of the document newly created (when the document does not exist)

requestIdstring

Request ID

codeOptionalstring

Request error code, do not return if successful

messageOptionalstring

Request error code information, do not return if successful

Example

Update or create

// Update the document, if it does not exist create
const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("todo-id-123").set({
  title: "New Task",
  completed: false,
  priority: "high",
  createdAt: new Date(),
});

if (result.upsertedId) {
  console.log("create new document, ID:", result.upsertedId);
} else {
  console.log(
    "update existing document, number of records impacted:",
    result.updated
  );
}

Replace all

// set replaces document content
// original document: { _id: '123', title: 'A', content: 'xxx', tags: ['a'] }

const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("123").set({
  title: "B",
  completed: true,
});

// document after update: { _id: '123', title: 'B', completed: true }
// Note: The content and tags fields are removed

---

Delete data

remove

async remove(): Promise<RemoveResult>

Delete document. Support single deletion and delete in batches.

-Delete a single record with doc().remove()

• Delete multiple records in batch via where().remove()

Note

When deleting in batches, the offset, limit, projection, and orderBy parameters will be ignored.

Parameters

No parameters

Response

Promise

RemoveResult

deletedOptionalnumber

Records deleted successfully

requestIdstring

Request ID

codeOptionalstring

Request error code, do not return if successful

messageOptionalstring

Request error code information, do not return if successful

Example

Single deletion

// Delete specified document
const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("todo-id-123").remove();

console.log(
  "Deleted successfully, number of records impacted:",
  result.deleted
);

Batch deletion

const _ = db.command;

Delete in batches: Delete tasks completed 30 days ago.
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
    completed: true,
    createdAt: _.lt(new Date(Date.now() - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)),
  })
  .remove();

console.log("Deleted in batches successfully, number of records impacted:", result.deleted);

Conditional deletion

const _ = db.command;

Delete all low-priority completed tasks
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
    completed: true,
    priority: _.in(["low", "none"]),
  })
  .remove();

console.log("Conditional deletion successful, number of records impacted:", result.deleted);

Error handling

try {
  const result = await db.collection("todos").doc("todo-id-123").remove();

  if (result.code) {
    console.error("Delete failed:", result.message);

    if (result.code === "PERMISSION_DENIED") {
      console.error(
        "Insufficient permissions, please check security rule configuration"
      );
    }

    return;
  }

  if (result.deleted === 0) {
    console.log("no matching document found");
  } else {
    console.log(
      "Deleted successfully, number of records impacted:",
      result.deleted
    );
  }
} catch (error) {
  // Other errors
}

---

Operator

Query operator

Get the query operator via db.command to build complex query conditions.

Parameters

Comparison Operators

object

eqOptionalfunction

equal

neqOptionalfunction

not equal to

gtOptionalfunction

greater than

gteOptionalfunction

greater than or equal to

ltOptionalfunction

less than

lteOptionalfunction

less than or equal to

inOptionalfunction

in the array

ninOptionalfunction

not in the array

Logical Operators

object

andOptionalfunction

and

orOptionalfunction

or

notOptionalfunction

not

norOptionalfunction

nor

Field Operators

object

existsOptionalfunction

field exists

modOptionalfunction

modulo operation

Array Operators

object

allOptionalfunction

array contains ALL

elemMatchOptionalfunction

array element match

sizeOptionalfunction

array length

Geospatial Operators

object

geoNearOptionalfunction

nearby query

geoWithinOptionalfunction

query within region

geoIntersectsOptionalfunction

intersect query

Response

No parameters

Example

Comparison operator

const _ = db.command;

Equal to
db.collection("users").where({ age: _.eq(18) });

Not equal to
db.collection("users").where({ status: _.neq("deleted") });

Greater than, greater than or equal to
db.collection("users").where({ age: _.gt(18) });
db.collection("users").where({ age: _.gte(18) });

Less than, less than or equal to
db.collection("users").where({ age: _.lt(60) });
db.collection("users").where({ age: _.lte(60) });

// In the array
db.collection("users").where({ role: _.in(["admin", "editor"]) });

Not in the array
db.collection("users").where({ status: _.nin(["banned", "deleted"]) });

Logic operator

const _ = db.command;

AND: satisfy multiple conditions at the same time
db.collection("users").where({
  age: _.and(_.gt(18), _.lt(60)),
});

OR: satisfy any of the conditions
db.collection("users").where({
  role: _.or(_.eq("admin"), _.eq("editor")),
});

// NOT: Perform a negation operation.
db.collection("users").where({
  status: _.not(_.eq("deleted")),
});

// Used in combination
db.collection("users").where(
  _.or([{ age: _.gt(60) }, { role: _.eq("admin") }])
);

// nor: none satisfied
db.collection("users").where(
  _.nor([{ status: "banned" }, { status: "deleted" }])
);

Fields and array operators

const _ = db.command;

// field exists
db.collection("users").where({
  avatar: _.exists(true),
});

// Modulo operation (search even)
db.collection("users").where({
  age: _.mod([2, 0]),
});

// The array contains all specified elements
db.collection("articles").where({
  tags: _.all(["javascript", "nodejs"]),
});

// Array element match
db.collection("orders").where({
  items: _.elemMatch({
    price: _.gt(100),
    quantity: _.gte(2),
  }),
});

// Array length
db.collection("articles").where({
  tags: _.size(3),
});

---

Update operator

Get the update operator via db.command for execution of complex update operations.

Parameters

Field Operators

object

setOptionalfunction

set field value

removeOptionalfunction

delete field

incOptionalfunction

increment numeric value

mulOptionalfunction

multiply numeric value

minOptionalfunction

MIN

maxOptionalfunction

take the maximum

renameOptionalfunction

rename field

bitOptionalfunction

bit operation

Array Operators

object

pushOptionalfunction

add at the end of the array

popOptionalfunction

delete the tail element of an array

shiftOptionalfunction

delete the head element of an array

unshiftOptionalfunction

add at the beginning of the array

pullOptionalfunction

delete matching elements

pullAllOptionalfunction

delete all matching elements

addToSetOptionalfunction

add distinct element

Response

No parameters

Example

Field operators

const _ = db.command;

//Set field value
db.collection("users")
  .doc("user-id")
  .update({
    profile: _.set({ name: "Zhang San", age: 25 }),
  });

// Delete field
db.collection("users").doc("user-id").update({
  tempData: _.remove(),
});

// Numeric value increment
db.collection("articles")
  .doc("article-id")
  .update({
    viewCount: _.inc(1),
    likeCount: _.inc(5),
  });

// Numeric value multiplication
db.collection("products")
  .doc("product-id")
  .update({
    price: _.mul(0.9), // 10% off
  });

// Get the minimum/maximum value
db.collection("users")
  .doc("user-id")
  .update({
    minScore: _.min(60),
    maxScore: _.max(100),
  });

// Rename field
db.collection("users")
  .doc("user-id")
  .update({
    oldField: _.rename("newField"),
  });

// Bitwise Operation
db.collection("users")
  .doc("user-id")
  .update({
    flags: _.bit({ and: 5 }), // Bitwise AND operation
  });

Array operators

const _ = db.command;

// Add at the end of the array
db.collection("articles")
  .doc("article-id")
  .update({
tags: _.push("new tag"),
  });

Add multiple elements
db.collection("articles")
  .doc("article-id")
  .update({
tags: _.push(["tag1", "tag2"]),
  });

// Advanced push (user-specified location, sorting order, truncation)
db.collection("articles")
  .doc("article-id")
  .update({
    tags: _.push({
each: ["tag1", "tag2"]
position: 0, // insertion position
sort: 1, // Sort
slice: 10, // Take the first 10
    }),
  });

Remove the first/last element of an array
db.collection("articles").doc("article-id").update({
tags: _.pop(), // Remove the last element
});
db.collection("articles").doc("article-id").update({
tags: _.shift(), // Remove the first element
});

// Add at the beginning of the array
db.collection("articles")
  .doc("article-id")
  .update({
tags: _.unshift("pin to top tag"),
  });

Remove matching elements
db.collection("articles")
  .doc("article-id")
  .update({
tags: _.pull("tag to delete"),
  });

Remove multiple matching elements
db.collection("articles")
  .doc("article-id")
  .update({
tags: _.pullAll(["tag1", "tag2"]),
  });

Add distinct elements
db.collection("articles")
  .doc("article-id")
  .update({
tags: _.addToSet("unique tag"),
  });

Combined use

const _ = db.command;

// Complex update operation
const result = await db
  .collection("users")
  .doc("user-id")
  .update({
    // Update personal info
    profile: _.set({
      nickname: "new nickname",
      updatedAt: new Date(),
    }),
    // Add points
    points: _.inc(100),
    // Add a new tag (non-repetitive)
    tags: _.addToSet("VIP"),
    // Delete temporary field
    tempToken: _.remove(),
    loginCount: _.inc(1),
    loginCount: _.inc(1),
  });

console.log("Update successful");

---

Transaction Operations

Support atomic operations on multiple documents to underwrite data consistency.

Note

-Support only server-side use, not supported on the client.

• Please use the Node.js adapter for use in Node.js

startTransaction

async db.startTransaction(): Promise<Transaction>

Start a new transaction.

Parameters

No parameters

Response

Promise

Transaction

Transaction object, perform document operations in a transaction

collectionOptionalfunction

Get collection reference in transaction

commitOptionalfunction

Commit transaction

rollbackOptionalfunction

Rollback transaction

Example

Manual transaction

// Start a transaction.
const transaction = await db.startTransaction();

try {
  // Operate document in transaction
  const doc = transaction.collection("accounts").doc("account-1");
  const accountData = await doc.get();

  if (accountData.data && accountData.data.balance >= 100) {
    // Deducting funds
    await doc.update({
      balance: accountData.data.balance - 100,
    });

    // Add balance to another account
    await transaction
      .collection("accounts")
      .doc("account-2")
      .update({
        balance: db.command.inc(100),
      });

    // Commit transactions.
    await transaction.commit();
    console.log("Fund transfer successful");
  } else {
    // Roll back transaction
    await transaction.rollback("INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE");
  }
} catch (error) {
  // Roll back when an error occurs
  await transaction.rollback(error);
  console.error("Transaction failure:", error);
}

---

runTransaction

async db.runTransaction(callback: (transaction) => Promise<any>, times?: number): Promise<void>

Execute transaction operations with automatic processing of submission and rollback.

Parameters

callback

(transaction) => Promise<void>

Transactional callback function, perform transaction operations in the function

times

number

Retry count for transaction conflicts, defaults to 3

Response

Promise

void

Function return value of the transactional callback function

Example

Automatic transaction

Use runTransaction to automatically manage transactions
const result = await db.runTransaction(async (transaction) => {
// Obtain account 1
  const account1 = await transaction
    .collection("accounts")
    .doc("account-1")
    .get();

Obtains account 2
  const account2 = await transaction
    .collection("accounts")
    .doc("account-2")
    .get();

  if (account1.data.balance < 100) {
// Roll back via rollback and return custom error
await transaction.rollback({ message: "INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE" });
    return;
  }

// Deducting funds
  await transaction
    .collection("accounts")
    .doc("account-1")
    .update({
      balance: account1.data.balance - 100,
    });

// Adding funds
  await transaction
    .collection("accounts")
    .doc("account-2")
    .update({
      balance: account2.data.balance + 100,
    });

return { success: true, message: "Fund transfer successful" };
});

console.log(result);

Create document in transaction

// Create document in transaction
const result = await db.runTransaction(async (transaction) => {
  // Create a new document
  await transaction.collection("orders").doc("order-123").create({
    userId: "user-1",
    amount: 100,
    status: "pending",
    createdAt: new Date(),
  });

  // Update user order count
  await transaction
    .collection("users")
    .doc("user-1")
    .update({
      orderCount: db.command.inc(1),
    });

  return { orderId: "order-123" };
});

---

Real-time listening

watch

watch(options: WatchOptions): DBRealtimeListener

Listen to real-time changes in documents or query results.

Parameters

options

WatchOptions

onChange(snapshot) => void

Callback function for data change

onError(error) => void

Callback function when an error occurs

Response

DBRealtimeListener

object

Listener object

closeOptionalfunction

Close listener

Example

Listen to single document

Listen to changes in a single document
const listener = db
  .collection("todos")
  .doc("todo-id-123")
  .watch({
    onChange: (snapshot) => {
console.log("document changes:", snapshot);
console.log("document data:", snapshot.docs);
console.log("change details:", snapshot.docChanges);
    },
    onError: (error) => {
console.error("Listen error:", error);
    },
  });

// Close listener
// listener.close();

Listen to query result

// Listen to changes in query results
const listener = db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
    completed: false,
  })
  .orderBy("createdAt", "desc")
  .limit(10)
  .watch({
    onChange: (snapshot) => {
      console.log("query result changes:", snapshot);
      // snapshot.type: 'init' means initialization of data
      if (snapshot.type === "init") {
        console.log("initial data:", snapshot.docs);
      } else {
        // Handle addition, deletion, modification, and adjustment
        snapshot.docChanges.forEach((change) => {
          console.log("change type:", change.dataType); // 'add', 'update', 'remove'
          console.log("document changes:", change.doc);
        });
      }
    },
    onError: (error) => {
      console.error("Listen error:", error);
    },
  });

// Close listener
// listener.close();

Snapshot structure

// Snapshot data structure
interface Snapshot {
  id: number; // Snapshot ID
  type?: "init"; // Snapshot type, 'init' means initialization
  docs: Record<string, any>; // current document data
  docChanges: Array<{
    id: number;
    dataType: "init" | "add" | "update" | "remove" | "replace" | "limit";
    queueType: "init" | "enqueue" | "dequeue" | "update";
    docId: string;
    doc: Record<string, any>;
    updatedFields?: any; // updated field
    removedFields?: any; // removed field
  }>;
}

---

Advanced operation

runCommands

async db.runCommands(params: IRunCommandsReq): Promise<IRunCommandsResult>

Execute MongoDB native commands, support batch operations for multiple commands and transaction operations.

Note

-Only the administrator can call the API -During execution in a transaction, any command failure would cause the entire transaction rollback.

Parameters

params

IRunCommandsReq

commandsObject[]

An array of command objects, automatically converted to native MongoDB commands (EJSON object format)

transactionIdOptionalstring

Transaction ID, execute all commands in a transaction (optional)

Response

Promise

IRunCommandsResult

requestIdstring

Request ID

listOptionalObject[][]

An array of command execution results, where list[i] corresponds to the outcome of commands[i] (EJSON Object converted into ordinary object format)

codeOptionalstring

Request error code, do not return if successful

messageOptionalstring

Request error code information, do not return if successful

Example

Query command

// Execute the find command
const result = await db.runCommands({
  commands: [
    {
      find: "users",
      filter: { age: { $gte: 18 } },
      projection: { name: 1, email: 1 },
      sort: { age: -1 },
      limit: 10,
    },
  ],
});

console.log("query result:", result.list);
// result.list[0] contains the queried document

Insert command

// Execute the insert command
const result = await db.runCommands({
  commands: [
    {
      insert: "users",
      documents: [
        { name: "Alice", age: 25 },
        { name: "Bob", age: 30 },
      ],
    },
  ],
});

console.log("insertion result:", result.list);
// [{ n: 2, ok: 1 }]

Update command

// Execute the update command
const result = await db.runCommands({
  commands: [
    {
      update: "users",
      updates: [
        {
          q: { _id: "user-id-123" },
          u: { $set: { age: 31 } },
        },
      ],
    },
  ],
});

console.log("update result:", result.list);
// [{ n: 1, nModified: 1, ok: 1 }]

Deletion command

// Execute the delete command
const result = await db.runCommands({
  commands: [
    {
      delete: "users",
      deletes: [
        { q: { status: "inactive" }, limit: 0 }, // limit: 0 means delete all match
      ],
    },
  ],
});

console.log("Deletion result:", result.list);

Aggregation command

// Execute the aggregate command
const result = await db.runCommands({
  commands: [
    {
      aggregate: "orders",
      pipeline: [
        { $match: { status: "completed" } },
        { $group: { _id: "$userId", total: { $sum: "$amount" } } },
      ],
      cursor: {},
    },
  ],
});

console.log("aggregation result:", result.list);

Batch command

// Batch execute multiple commands (in a transaction)
const result = await db.runCommands({
  commands: [
Command 1: Create an order
    {
      insert: "orders",
      documents: [
        {
          userId: "user123",
          amount: 100,
          status: "pending",
        },
      ],
    },
Command 2: inventory deduction
    {
      update: "inventory",
      updates: [
        {
          q: { productId: "prod456" },
          u: { $inc: { stock: -1 } },
        },
      ],
    },
Command 3: Deduct user points
    {
      update: "users",
      updates: [
        {
          q: { _id: "user123" },
          u: { $inc: { credits: -100 } },
        },
      ],
    },
  ],
transactionId: "txn_abc123", // Optional: Execute in a transaction
});

console.log("batch execution result:", result.list);
// result.list[0] - insertion result
// result.list[1] - inventory update result
// result.list[2] - user update result

Index management

// Create an index
const result = await db.runCommands({
  commands: [
    {
      createIndexes: "users",
      indexes: [
        {
          key: { email: 1 },
          name: "email_1",
          unique: true,
        },
      ],
    },
  ],
});

console.log("index creation result:", result.list);

Command format reference

// Supported command format

// Find command
{
  find: "collectionName",
filter: {},            // Query condition, for example: { age: { $gte: 18 }, status: "active" }
projection: {},        // Field projection, for example: { name: 1, email: 1, _id: 0 } (only return name and email, do not return _id)
sort: {},              // Sorting order, for example: { createdAt: -1, name: 1 } (in descending order by creation time, in ascending order by name)
limit: 10,             // Limit quantity, for example: 10 (return up to 10 records)
skip: 0                // Skip count, for example: 20 (skip the first 20 records, for pagination)
}

// Insert command
{
  insert: "collectionName",
documents: []          // Document array to insert, for example: [{ name: "Alice", age: 25 }, { name: "Bob", age: 30 }]
}

// Update command
{
  update: "collectionName",
  updates: [{
q: {},               // Query condition, for example: { status: "pending" }
u: {},               // Update content, for example: { $set: { status: "active", updatedAt: new Date() } }
upsert: false,       // Whether to upsert, for example: true (create if not found)
multi: false         // Whether to batch update, for example: true (update all matched documents)
  }]
}

// Delete command
{
  delete: "collectionName",
  deletes: [{
q: {},               // Query condition, for example: { status: "deleted", lastLogin: { $lt: new Date("2024-01-01") } }
limit: 1             // Number of deletions, for example: 0 (delete all), 1 (delete first)
  }]
}

// Aggregate command
{
  aggregate: "collectionName",
pipeline: [],          // Aggregation pipeline, for example: [{ $match: { status: "completed" } }, { $group: { _id: "$userId", total: { $sum: "$amount" } } }]
cursor: {}             // Cursor options, for example: { batchSize: 100 } (return 100 every batch)
}

---

Other functions

serverDate

db.serverDate(options?: { offset?: number }): ServerDate

Get server time.

Parameters

options

object

offsetOptionalnumber

Time offset (ms)

Response

ServerDate

ServerDate

Server time object

Example

Use server time

// Use server time
await db.collection("todos").add({
title: "New Task"
createdAt: db.serverDate(), // Current server time
});

// Use server time with offset
await db.collection("todos").add({
title: "Delayed Task"
  scheduledAt: db.serverDate({
offset: 60 * 60 * 1000, // 1 hour later
  }),
});

---

RegExp

db.RegExp({ regexp: string, options?: string }): RegExp

Create a regular expression object for fuzzy query.

Parameters

options

object

regexpstring

regular expression string

optionsOptionalstring

regular options, such as 'i' to indicate case-insensitive

Response

RegExp

RegExp

regular expression object

Example

Regular expression query

// Fuzzy query: heading contains "CloudBase"
const result = await db
  .collection("todos")
  .where({
    title: db.RegExp({
      regexp: "CloudBase",
      options: "i", // case-insensitive
    }),
  })
  .get();

console.log("query result:", result.data);

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Aggregation Operator

Obtain aggregation operators through db.command.aggregate for expression calculation in the aggregation pipeline.

Category	Operator
Arithmetic Operator	abs, add, ceil, divide, exp, floor, ln, log, log10, mod, multiply, pow, sqrt, subtract, trunc
Array Operator	arrayElemAt, arrayToObject, concatArrays, filter, in, indexOfArray, isArray, map, range, reduce, reverseArray, size, slice, zip
Boolean Operator	and, not, or
Comparison Operator	cmp, eq, gt, gte, lt, lte, neq
Conditional Operator	cond, ifNull, switch
Date Operator	dateFromParts, dateFromString, dayOfMonth, dayOfWeek, dayOfYear, isoDayOfWeek, isoWeek, isoWeekYear, millisecond, minute, month, second, hour, week, year
String Operator	concat, dateToString, indexOfBytes, indexOfCP, split, strLenBytes, strLenCP, strcasecmp, substr, substrBytes, substrCP, toLower, toUpper
Set Operator	allElementsTrue, anyElementTrue, setDifference, setEquals, setIntersection, setIsSubset, setUnion
Object Operator	mergeObjects, objectToArray
Grouping Operator	addToSet, avg, first, last, max, min, push, stdDevPop, stdDevSamp, sum
Other	literal, let, meta

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Related Resources

-Detailed documentation for aggregate query

• Database Security Rules
• Database Index Optimization